EP2 receptor-mediated protection by prostaglandins against glutamate cytotoxicity.

Facilitation by endogenous prostaglandins of capsaicin-induced gastric protection in rodents through EP2 and IP receptors.

We investigated the role that prostaglandins (PGs) and EP receptors play in facilitating the gastroprotective action of capsaicin against HCl/ethanol in rats and mice. Male Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice were used after 18 h of fasting. The animals were given HCl/ethanol (60% in 150 mM HCl) p.o. and killed 1 h later. Capsaicin or various EP agonists were given p.o. 30 min or i.v. 10 min b...

Modulation of Capsaicin-Induced Gastric Protection by Endogenous Prostaglandins through EP2/IP Receptors

Protection against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glial cells by thiol antioxidants.

In many cell lines, glutamate cytotoxicity is known to be mediated by an inhibition of cystine transport. Because glutamate and cystine share the same transporter, elevated levels of extracellular glutamate competitively inhibit cystine transport leading to depletion of intracellular glutathione. A glutathione-depleted state impairs cellular antioxidant defenses resulting in oxidative stress. I...

Prostaglandins E2 signal mediated by receptor subtype EP2 promotes IgE production in vivo and contributes to asthma development

Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) has been shown to enhance IgE production by B cells in vitro. The physiological and pathological relevance of this phenomenon and the underlying molecular mechanism, however, remain to be elucidated. B cells from wild type and EP2-deficient mice were compared in culture for their responses to PGE2 in terms of IgE class switching and production. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced a...

Protection of Pyruvate against Glutamate Excitotoxicity Is Mediated by Regulating DAPK1 Protein Complex

The neuroprotective activity of pyruvate has been confirmed in previous in vivo and in vitro studies. Here, we report a novel mechanism that pyruvate prevents SH-SY5Y cells from glutamate excitotoxicity by regulating death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) protein complex. Our results showed pyruvate regulated DAPK1 protein complex to protect cells by two ways. First, pyruvate induced the dis...